INFRASTRUCTURE - KARNATAKA
(Continued from last issue)

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Cumulative FDI inflows approved by the Central Government for Karnataka from 1991 to and inclusive of 2003 were just over US$ 5.5 billion. They were spread over 1,407 projects, according to the plans of the investors, coming from mainly OECD countries. U.S.A. constitutes the heaviest investor with the highest number of projects (451). Other prominent countries are the European Union with Belgium, Germany and U.K. as the major players. Japan is the most important investor from Asia. Total (cumulative) investment from 1991-92 to 2002-03 was US$ 5563.94 million in 1,407 projects. Table 6 shows the position during selected years to show the trend.

Regional Imbalance

Historically, `Mysore Karnataka' was much better developed than other parts of the State. Districts derived from the `Dominions' of erstwhile Nizam of Hyderabad, the oldest ally of the British Crown, were the most undeveloped and neglected. Dakshina Karnataka, part of erstwhile Madras Presidency, had been neglected because of linguistic difference and distance from the power centres of that Presidency at Madras (now Chennai). Kodagu area which had been directly under the British was largely retained as a sylvan area. The areas from erstwhile Bombay Presidency also were not adequately connected with the rest of Karnataka by road or rail.

Per capita income, varying from Rs. 25,740/- in urban Bangalore to Rs. 7,861/- in Bidar (erstwhile Hyderabad State), viz., the former is 325 percent above the latter, does not necessarily reflect the difference. However, the correlation between per capita income and industrialization is not obvious. The top three districts in respect of per capita income show that while only 3% was contributed by the primary sector in urban Bangalore, it was 57% in Kodagu and 29% in Dakshina Karnataka (the three districts ranking in that order). In 1998-99, South Karnataka (comprising Bangalore, Chikmagalur, Chitradurga, Dakshina Kannada, Hassan, Kodagu, Kolar, Mandya, Mysore, Shimoga and Tumkur districts) had 72.6% of the industrial units in the State (up from 63.47% in 1957), while North Kannada (comprising Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Uttara Kannada, Bellary, Bidar, Gulbarga and Raichur) had only 27.4% (down from 36.54% in 1957). Even among the districts of South Karnataka, Bangalore was the location of 45.9% of all industries in the State, i.e. that single district accounted for more than half the number of units established in South Karnataka, and about half of all units established in the State. The preference for Bangalore as location for industries increased between 1957 and 1998-99.

Table 8 shows these trends. The number of industrial units located in a district, however, does not have any correlation with the percentage there who are below poverty line. Column 2 of the table shows the percentage of families who are below poverty line in the corresponding district, in 1997-98, closest to 1998-99. Generally, as has been shown in a previous chapter, the percentage of families below poverty line tends consistently to be higher in the Northern districts. Within each category, viz. South and North, there is no correlation between the density of industrial locations and poverty. Thus, Hassan, with only 0.5% (one in 200) of the industrial locations in the State, had only 14.4% of its families below poverty line whereas Bangalore, with about half of the total of industrial locations, had nearly one third of the families in that district below poverty line. In North Karnataka, Uttara Kannada with the lowest preference for location of industries, had the smallest proportion (24.97%) below poverty line, while Dharwad, with 6.8% of the number of industries located in the State, had nearly half of its families (49.75%) below poverty line.

The moral seems to be that industrialization, in the sense of establishing a large number of industrial establishments per unit of geographical area, is not a necessary or sufficient condition for the reduction of those below poverty line.

[All data in this article is from the Government of India, Planning Commission 2007: Karnataka Development Report.]

T. Madhava Menon

NEW LIFE-MEMBERS OF D.L.A.

Twenty-seven Indian and two foreign scholars became life-members of D.L.A. in 2007. One institution became a corporate member. The details are as follows:

Indian Life-Members

1. Mr. G. Bharadwaje Kumar                                2.1.2007                                 Rs. 1,500/-
   c/o Dr. K. Narayana Murthy
   University of Hyderabad
   Hyderabad - 500 046
   Andhra Pradesh
   
    

2. Dr. K. Narayana Murthy                                 2.1.2007                                 Rs. 1,500/-
   Department of CIS
   University of Hyderabad
   Hyderabad - 500 046
   Andhra Pradesh
   
    

3. Dr. S. Subburethinam                                    9.1.2007                                 Rs. 1,500/-
   4A Muthatchi Amman Koil Street
   Keezha Nanjil Nadu
   Mayiladuturai - 609 001
   Tamil Nadu
   
    

4. Mr. Aravind K.                                             24.1.2007                                 Rs. 1,500/-
   Speech Language Pathologist
   15 P.S. Sivaswamy Salai
   Mylapore
   Chennai - 600 004
   Tamil Nadu
   
    

5. Mr. V. Sethu                                               24.1.2007                                 Rs. 1,500/-
   Amset Steel Corporation
   Dhanya-Remya Theatre Road
   Near Ayurveda College Junction
   Thiruvananthapuram - 695 001
   Kerala
   
    

6. Ms. Anuradha Sarma                                     2.2.2007                                  Rs. 1,500/-
   Lecturer in Assamese
   Dibrugarh University
   Dibrugarh - 786 004
   Assam
   
    

7. Ms. N. Banumathy                                        6.2.2007                                 Rs. 1,500/-
   JRF
   A.I.I.S.H.
   Mysore - 6
   Karnataka
   
    

8. Dr. Arun K. Behera                                        23.3.2007                              Rs. 1,500/-
   Lecturer
   Department of English
   Sathya Sai Institute of
   Higher Learning
   Brindavan Campus
   Kadugodi P.O.
   Bangalore - 560 067
   Karnataka
   
    

9. Dr. S. Padmanabhan                                    17.4.2007                             Rs. 1,500/-
   77(20) State Bank Colony
   Nagercoil - 629 001
   Tamil Nadu
   
    

10. Mr. M. Karunanidhi                                       15.5.2007                             Rs. 1,500/-
    s/o S.P. Mathiyarasan
    S.V. Mangalam P.O.
    Tiruppattur Taluk
    Sivagangai District - 630 501
    Tamil Nadu
    
     

11. Mrs. Usha P.E.                                            16.5.2007                             Rs. 1,500/-
    AHADS
    Agali P.O.
    Palakkad - 678 581
    Kerala
    
     

12. Mr. Muhammad Yusuf                                   4.6.2007                             Rs. 1,500/-
    17/2053 Venniyur
    Poojappura P.O.
    Thiruvananthapuram - 695 012
    Kerala
    
     

13. Dr. A.S. Mahadeva                                        21.6.2007                         Rs. 1,500/-
    Honganoor Post & Village   
    Chamarajanagar District - 571 117
    Karnataka
    
     

14. Dr. Priti Srimandhar Kumar                                21.6.2007                         Rs. 1,500/-
    492 Chithrabhanu Road
    A.S. Block
    Kuvempu Nagar
    Mysore - 570 023
    Karnataka
    
     

15. Rev. Philip Mulley                                            21.6.2007                         Rs. 1,500/-
    CSI
    All Saints Church
    Figure of Eight Road
    Coonoor - 643 101
    
     

16. Dr. Harihara M.G.                                            22.6.2007                        Rs. 1,500/-
    Near Tulaja Bhavani High School
    Sri Ramanagar
    Dharwad - 580 007
    
     

17. Dr. Ramakrishna, R.                                        22.6.2007                         Rs. 1,500/-
    14 Housing Board Colony
    II Stage, Visveswara Nagar
    Mysore - 570 008
    Karnataka
    
     

18. Mr. Ramesh Chandra Malik                                22.6.2007                        Rs. 1,500/-
    U.G.C. SRF
    C.A.L.T.S.
    University of Hyderabad
    Hyderabad
    Andhra Pradesh
    
     

19. Dr. B.K. Ravindranath                                    22.6.2007                         Rs. 1,500/-
    L-44, IX Cross
    University Quarters
    Manasagangotri
    Mysore
    Karnataka
    
     

20. Dr. S. Rajeswari                                            23.6.2007                         Rs. 1,500/-
    Associate Professor
    Department of Telugu Studies
    S.V. University
    Tirupati
    Andhra Pradesh
    
     

21. Dr. Lekhakumari K.                                        22.8.2007                         Rs. 1,500/-
    Paravilaputhen Veedu
    Sreekaryam P.O.
    Thiruvananthapuram - 695 017
    Kerala
    
     

22. Dr. S. Prema                                                22.8.2007                         Rs. 1,500/-
    Department of Dravidian
    and Computational Linguistics
    Dravidian University
    Kuppam - 517 425
    Andhra Pradesh
    
     

23. Mr. P. Sreekumar                                        22.8.2007                           Rs. 1,500/-
    Assistant Professor
    Department of Dravidian
    and Computational Linguistics
    Dravidian University
    Kuppam - 517 425
    Andhra Pradesh
    
     

24. Dr. A. Mubarak Ali                                        3.9.2007                           Rs. 1,500/-
    Reader
    CAS in Linguistics
    Annamalai University
    Annamalainagar - 608 002
    Tamil Nadu
    
     

25. Ms. Renjini Narendranath                               3.9.2007                         Rs. 1,500/-
    I Floor, Plot 29
    Doyens Township
    Seri Lingampally
    Hyderabad - 500 019
    Andhra Pradesh
    
     

26. Mr. Arangaraj                                            17.9.2007                         Rs. 1,500/-
    c/o J. Kasthuri
    21 Rangasamy Pillai Street 3
    Thondikkaradu
    Tiruchengodu
    Namakkal District - 637 211
    
     

27. Dr. Shailendra Kumar Singh                        15.11.2007                         Rs. 1,500/-
    
    Department of Linguistics
    North-Eastern Hill University
    NEHU Campus
    Shillong - 793 022
    Meghalaya

Foreign Life-Members
 

1. Mr. Masato Kobayashi                                5.2.2007                         US$ 300/-
   Associate Professor
   Hakuoh University
   236 Nishiuoyacho
   Shimogyo-ku
   Kyoto - 600-8160
   Japan
   
    

2. Mr. Antonios Vasileiadis                            6.3.2007                         US$ 300/-
   Historical Researcher
   58 Asklipiou Street
   19005 N Makri
   Athens
   Greece
    

Institution

1. R.P. Padhi Library                                    15.9.2007                      Rs. 15,000/-
   Berhampur University
   Berhampur - 7
    

B. Gopinathan Nair

INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON SANGAM LITERATURE

The Department of Tamil Languages and Translation Studies, Dravidian University in collaboration with Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore organized a three-day seminar on Sangam literature from 22nd to 24th January 2008 at Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh.

Fifty-five papers on various aspects of Sangam literature were presented and discussed in the seminar. Professor Agesthialingam, former Vice-Chancellor of Tamil University - Tanjavur, Professor Sivathampi from Sri Lanka and Dr. Lakshmi Narayana, Vice-Chancellor of Dravidian University addressed the gathering at the inaugural function.

Scholars from several parts of the Indian peninsula and abroad participated in the seminar. Most of the papers presented and discussed in the seminar covered areas like Philosophy, Rhetoric, Grammar and Linguistics. Although it was an international seminar, very few used English as a link language. Hence, those scholars not well-versed in Tamil could not actively follow the issues raised in the discussions.

Professor Subramoniyam, Vice-Chancellor of Tamil University, delivered the valedictory address. The hospitality shown by Dravidian
University was excellent.

Naduvattom Gopalakrishnan

FRSM 2008

ITC Sangeet Research Academy, Kolkata is organizing an international symposium on Frontiers of Research on Speech and Music (FRSM 2008). The two-day symposium will be held at Sir C.V. Raman Centre for Physics and Music, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India on 20th and 21st February 2008. The symposium is being jointly organized by C-DAC - Kolkata, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics and Sir C.V. Raman Centre for Physics and Music, Jadavpur University, Kolkata.

The theme for the current symposium is Acoustic and Cognitive Aspects of Speech, Music and Language.

For more details, kindly contact Smt. Dipali Nag (Convenor, FRSM 2008), ITC Sangeet Research Academy, 1 N.S.C. Bose Road, Tollygunge, Kolkata
700 040, India.

Phone: 24713395; E-mail: frsm2006@rediffmail.com

ARTICLES / REVIEWS ON DRAVIDIAN TRIBES PUBLISHED IN IJDL (TRIBE-WISE)

45 articles / reviews on Dravidian tribes have been published till date in IJDL from its first volume in 1972 to its present
volume XXXVII Number 1 (2008).

 [A/R = Number of articles / reviews]

Annie Monsy

INDUS SCRIPT
NOT DECIPHERED BUT INTERPRETED AS OUR SOURCE OF INHERITANCE

The following is the report on the Foundation Day Lecture delivered by Iravatham Mahadevan on 22nd October 2007 in the Dravidian University. Iravatham Mahadevan concluded his speech on Dravidian Elements in Indus Script with a dictum: "Indus script is not deciphered but interpreted as a common source of our inheritance". In his delightful presentation that lasted nearly an hour for the foundation day lecture in Dravidian University on 22nd October 2007, Iravatham Mahadevan presented a paradigm shift in the decipherment of Harappan script. The paradigm shift is bi-directional. First, it is methodological; second, it is intentional.

1. Methodological

Methodologically he showed how the most frequent Indus signs like `arrow' and `jar' are semantically transcended into post-Harappan period by loan translation and as cultural motifs. Exploration of the presence of Indus sign in post-Harappan age has initiated a paradigm shift in the decipherment of Indus script. Indus sign ampu `arrow' functions as a non-masculine marker both in Indus sign (undeciphered) and Dravidian languages.

Old Te.       -(a)mbu     -(a)bu     -(a)mu
Old Ka.       -(a)m        -(a)mu     -(a)vu
Ta.            -(a)m

nagabu - a personal name on a pillar in the Amaravati Stupa (ca. 2nd cent. BCE) and kattun-ter-ampu - a title of Mahendra Pallava (6th-7th cent. CE) are examples of post-Harappan continuation of Harappan sign as it is. This ampu sign is frequently used in Indus sign to represent non-masculine singular suffix.

The jar sign  from Indus script also shows the same post-Harappan presence with more evidence. Its position in the texts is mostly final. It functions as a nominal suffix after names and titles like the arrow sign. Since the arrow sign has been identified as -(a)mpu, the non- masculine singular suffix, its more frequent twin - the jar sign - must stand for the masculine singular suffix -(a)nru / -(a)ntu. This result is independent
of the pictorial value of the jar sign.

Old Te.     -(a)nru>du
Old Ta.     -(a)nt-ay
Ta.          -(a) n

[To be continued in the next issue]
P. Sreekumar
Dravidian University

OBITUARY

R. ELANGAIYAN

With the sudden demise of Sri. R. Elangaiyan (59) on 19th January 2008, the linguist community, particularly those working on endangered languages, has lost a dynamic saviour. He did his M.A. in Linguistics from University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram. Elangaiyan worked as Research Assistant in C.I.I.L., Mysore till his last day, extensively specialised in Car Nicobar linguistic studies. He was working on the project, Car Nicobarese Grammar, and was compiling a Car Nicobarese - Hindi - English Tribal Dictionary.

He was engaged in the study of endangered languages in India and worked on research papers on topics like Characteristics of Language Endangerment in India, Language Planning for Endangered Languages and Underprivileged Languages, Unique Qualities of Tribal Bilingualism in India, etc. Earlier he worked on material production for language teachers and university teachers of various States. He was also engaged in teaching in Southern Regional Language Centre, C.I.I.L., Mysore.

While working with C.I.I.L., he developed primers for the first three levels - Ro Tarik I, Ro Tarik II and Ro Tarik III. He has edited, along with R. McKenna Brown, Nicholas D.M. Ostler and Mahendra Kumar Verma, Vital Voices: Endangered Languages and Multilingualism (2007). His work on Car Nicobarese - Hindi Bilingual Literacy Primer is yet to be published.

R. Panneerselvam
C.I.I.L., Mysore

STUDENTS FROM S.R.L.C. IN I.S.D.L. CAMPUS

Like in the previous years, teacher-trainees in Malayalam with non-Malayalam mother-tongue, from Southern Regional Language Centre, Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore came to I.S.D.L. on 19th January 2008 at 4.30 a.m. They were accommodated here for six days. The group comprised of eighteen students and two teachers. Of the eighteen students, ten were native speakers of Kannada, six Assamese and two Tamil. The trip to Thiruvananthapuram was part of their training programme. They visited several important places in the city and interacted with native speakers of Malayalam.

Professor V.I. Subramoniam, Honorary Professor of I.S.D.L., invited them for tea on 25th January. There they met several scholars of I.S.D.L. Professor B. Gopinathan Nair, Honorary Director of I.S.D.L., interacted with the group for some time. Later, they visited the I.S.D.L. library, Bengali Department and Speech Research Unit. In SRU, they were shown the Malayalam text-to-speech system. The problems in pronunciation of voiced aspirated sounds, etc. were explained to them.

In the morning on 26th January, the group left for Kanyakumari. They were accompanied by Mr. Sunil T.C. and Mr. A. Noushad - two faculty members from S.R.L.C.

Mahidas Bhattacharya

ADDITIONS TO THE I.S.D.L. LIBRARY

Allen D. Bragdon & David Gamon, 2005, Building Brain Power, New Delhi: Viva Books.

Emanuel A. Schegloff, 2007, Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis Volume 1, Cambridge University Press.

Habib, M.A.R., 2008, A History of Literary Criticism and Theory: From Plato to the Present, U.S.A.: Blackwell Publishing.

James Clackson, 2007, Indo-European Linguistics, Cambridge University Press.

Meenu Agrawal, 2008, Impact of Globalisation on Development, New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications.

Noam Chomsky, 2007, Interventions, England: Penguin Books.

Pam Peters, 2007, The Cambridge Guide to Australian English Usage, Cambridge University Press.